New sources of cytochalasins a and b from dematiaceous. Cochliobolus victoriae the fungal genus cochliobolus includes 55 species, 1 including the following plant pathogenic species. In addition, histological changes were determined in the digestive system of treated third instar larvae. General information about cochliobolus spicifer cochsi. Biosynthesis of spiciferone a and spicifernin, bioactive. Isocochlioquinone a leishmanicidal activity campos et al. Cochliobolus spicifer spiciferone a cochliobolus spicifer 6chlorodehydrocurvularin nakajima et al.
Two fungal metabolites, cochliospicin a from a strain d5 of cochliobolus spicifer, a pathogen of leaf spot disease in gramineae, and sorokinianin from a strain ob251 of bipolaris sorokiniana, a pathogen causing spot blotch or foot and root rot diseases of wheat and other grasses, were isolated and characterized. We undertook an investigation to advance understanding of the hostrange dynamics and biocontrol implications of cochliobolus lunatus in the past decade. Aug 25, 2012 three genera, cochliobolus, bipolaris and curvularia form a complex that contains many plant pathogens, mostly on grasses poaceae with a worldwide distribution. Importance of the ketone function for the phytotoxicity of. Subjects appropriate to the journal are fungal physiology and biochemistry, ecology, pathology, development and morphology, systematics, cell biology and ultrastructure, genetics, molecular biology, evolution, applied aspects, and new techniques. The incorporation of a nitrate ion into silverwater aqueous clusters has been examined using pbe0 density functional theory with the solvent model density smd solvation. In addition to spiciferone a, five of its derivatives, including spiciferones b and c, were tested for their phytotoxicity by using wheat cotyledon protoplasts. Spiciferone a is a major phytotoxin produced by an isolate of cochliobolus spicifer nelson d5, a pathogen of leaf spot disease in wheat. Two types of xylanase gene, xyn11a xyl1 and xyn11b xyl2, were amplified by pcr and partially sequenced in four phytopathogenic species of the ascomycete fungal. Mycologia, the official journal of the mycological society of america, publishes papers on all aspects of the fungi, including lichens. A plant growth regulator produced by the fungus, cochliobolus. A new minor phytotoxin with an azaphilone chromophore was isolated, characterized and. Cochliobolus spicifer cochsioverview eppo global database.
Index fungorum usda ars fungal database taxon identifiers wikidata. Pdf the genus cochliobolus anamorphs bipolaris, curvularia comprises many destructive plant pathogens that cause severe crop losses. Pdf acute and subacute toxicity of ethyl acetate fraction. Ahn ip, kim s, kang s, suh sc, lee yh 2005 rice defense mechanisms against cochliobolus miyabeanus and magnaporthe grisea are distinct. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf. Structures and biosyntheses of phytotoxins in cochliobolus. Dailymed a21 alternaria alternata, aspergillus niger var.
Phylogenetic status of an unrecorded species of curvularia, c. Jun 24, 2015 the aim of the present work was to investigate the inhibitory activity of crude extracts of the fungal endophyte cochliobolus spicifer nelson, isolated from the date palm, against aedes caspius pallas and culex pipiens linnaeus larvae. Download hires image download to mspowerpoint abstract the structure of cochliospicin a, a new metabolite biogenetically related to a phytotoxin, spiciferinone, produced by cochliobolus. Exo and endoglucanase production by curvularia affinis. Fluvirosaones a and b, two indolizidine alkaloids with a. It was a major cause of the bengal famine of 1943, where the crop yield was dropped by 40% to 90% and death of 2 million people was recorded. Larvicidal activity of endophytic fungal extract of.
Density functional calculations for aqueous silver. The genus cochliobolus anamorphs bipolaris, curvularia comprises many destructive plant pathogens that cause severe crop losses worldwide. Cochliobolus spicifer triticum aesitivum argentina grains larran et al. Their structures were determined by physical, spectroscopic, and xray analysis and confirmed. Pdf first report of cochliobolus spicifer causing leaf spot. Molecular genetics of hostspecific toxins in plant disease. An overview and current status of species article pdf available in fungal diversity 511.
Pyrone plant growth inhibitor produced by the fungus cochliobolus spicifer nelson. Cochliobolus spicifer cochliobolus stenospilus cochliobolus victoriae. Cochliobolus and its asexual forms in bipolaris and curvularia comprise over 90 species sivanesan 1987, alcorn 1990, 1991. Cochliobolus miyabeanus is an important plant pathogen because it causes a common and widespread rice disease that causes high level of crop yield losses. Keywords cochliobolus spicifer larvicidal activity.
C3 unit addition reaction in phytotoxin biosyntheses. A strain ofcochliobolus spicifer d5 isolated from diseased wheat produced several phytotoxins. This disease was the causal agent of the bengal famine of 1943 it. Structures and biosyntheses of phytotoxins in cochliobolus spicifer and bipolaris sorokininana. Pdf larvicidal activity of endophytic fungal extract of. A new minor phytotoxin with an azaphilone chromophore was isolated, characterized and named spiciferinone. Etac fraction of cochliobolus spicifer nelson isolated from phoenix dactylifera linnaeus using balbc mice as an animal model. The best matches included strains from reference culture collections e. A plant growth regulator produced by the fungus, cochliobolus spicifer. Cochliobolus spicifer definition of cochliobolus spicifer. Brachyclarium spiciferum bainer corbetta, drechslera. Dailymed a21 alternaria alternata, aspergillus niger.
The taxonomy of this complex is confusing as frequent nomenclatural changes and refinements have occurred. The journal of plant pathology jpp is the international journal of the italian phytopathological society s. Structures and biosyntheses of phytotoxins in cochliobolus spicifer and bipolaris sorokiniana. Three genera, cochliobolus, bipolaris and curvularia form a complex that contains many plant pathogens, mostly on grasses poaceae with a worldwide distribution. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple faq for additional information. Absolute stereochemistry of spiciferones and spicifernin, bioactive metabolites of the fungus cochliobolus spicifer. Conservation of xyn11a and xyn11b xylanase genes in. Nov 15, 2011 the genus cochliobolus anamorphs bipolaris, curvularia comprises many destructive plant pathogens that cause severe crop losses worldwide.
In many countries, agricultural residues are generated in large quantities, and most of these are underutilized and considered waste, especially in developing countries. Anamorphic bisporella, elotiales, leotiomycetidae botrytis cinerea pers. Cochliobolus phylogenetics and the origin of known, highly. We provide an overview of these nomenclatural changes together with a morphological. The sequence obtained from this sample showed 100% identity to sequences of cochliobolus spicifer nelson and its anamorphic state bipolaris spicifer bainier cunha et al. While most species in cochliobolus are mild pathogens.
Nov 22, 2019 ultrastructure and genotypic characterization of the filamentous fungus cochliobolus lunatus in comparison to the anamorphic strain curvularia lunata. Fluvirosaones a 1 and b 2, together with virosecurinine 3, were isolated from flueggea virosa. Xiao jz, tsuda m, doke n, nishimura s 1991 phytotoxins produced by germinating spores of bipolaris oryzae. A biphasic gene data set was assembled and databases were mined for reported hosts of c. The structure was established by spectroscopic analysis of the metabolise and some key derivatives.
Hello fellow wikipedians, i have just modified one external link on cochliobolus spicifer. One hundred isolates of 27 species belonging to genera of dematiaceous hyphomycetes were screened for production of cytochalasins a and b. Pages in category cochliobolus the following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. All structured data from the file and property namespaces. A strain of cochliobolus spicifer d5 produces a plant growth regulator, spicifernin, in culture. The major lipophilic metabolite produced by a strain of cochliobolus spicifer grown on potato dextrose broth has been identified as e6chloro10,11dehydrocurvularin 2. Download fulltext pdf first report of cochliobolus spicifer causing leaf spot disease of trianthema portulacastrum article pdf available in journal of plant pathology. The fungal genus cochliobolus includes 55 species, including the following plant pathogenic species. Density functional calculations for aqueous silver clusters.
Spiciferinone, an azaphilone phytotoxin produced by the. Two new minor phytotoxins were isolated and characterized. Cochliobolus spicifer is a fungal plant pathogen external links. Download hires image download to mspowerpoint abstract the structure of cochliospicin a, a new metabolite biogenetically related to a phytotoxin, spiciferinone, produced by cochliobolus spicifer was determined to be 3 r,4 s,6 s,7 r,3 r 7ethyl5,6,7,8tetrahydro3,4,7trimethylisochroman5,8dione6spiro53. Pdf first report of cochliobolus spicifer causing leaf. This page was last edited on 16 december 2019, at 04. Two fungal metabolites, cochliospicin a from a strain d5 of cochliobolus spicifer, a pathogen of leaf spot disease in gramineae, and sorokinianin from a strain ob251 of. Cochliobolus lunatus head mould of grasses, rice and sorghum. Potato solanum tuberosum l farms were routinely surveyed for browntoblack leaf spot disease caused by c.
Two types of xylanase gene, xyn11a xyl1 and xyn11b xyl2, were amplified by pcr and partially sequenced in four phytopathogenic species of the ascomycete fungal genus cochliobolus anamorph genus bipolaris. Cochliobolus spicifer spring dead spot of grasses cabi. Production of mycoherbicide by solid substrate fermentation using drechslera state of cochliobolus spicifer, a seed borne fungi of the targeted weed as test pathogen was carried. A phylogenetic and taxonomic reevaluation of the bipolaris. They were structurally closely related to spiciferone a and were named spiciferones b and c. Spiciferones b and c, minor phytotoxins from the fungus cochliobolus spicifer. Endophytic microorganisms are fungi or bacteria which live inside plant tissues or organs, without causing them any harmful symptoms.
Conservation of xyn11a and xyn11b xylanase genes in bipolaris. Cochlioquinone a leishmanicidal activity campos et al. Sep 03, 2019 the incorporation of a nitrate ion into silverwater aqueous clusters has been examined using pbe0 density functional theory with the solvent model density smd solvation model. Cochliobolus spicifer nelson, bipolaris tetramera mckinney shoemaker. V, covering fundamental and applied aspects of plant. The gibbs free energy of solvation and other thermodynamic variables are calculated using the harmonicrigid rotorideal gas model at 298. Larvicidal activity of endophytic fungal extract of cochliobolus spicifer pleosporales.
Pdf larvicidal activity of endophytic fungal extract of cochliobolus. Ultrastructure and genotypic characterization of the filamentous fungus cochliobolus lunatus in comparison to the anamorphic strain curvularia lunata. Ohno and yasuo kimura department of bioresource science, faculty of agriculture, tottori university, koyama, tottori 680, japan received 23. Spiciferones b and c, minor phytotoxins from the fungus.
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